Critical Progress at INC3 in Nairobi, Kenya on Reducing Hg Emissions from Coal-Fired Power Plants

December 6th, 2011

In February 2009, the Governing Council of UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) agreed on the need to develop a global legally binding instrument on mercury. The work to prepare this instrument is undertaken by an intergovernmental negotiating committee (INC) supported by the Chemicals Branch of the UNEP Division of Technology, Industry and Economics as secretariat.  The goal is to complete the negotiations before the twenty-seventh regular session of the Governing Council/Global Ministerial Environment Forum in 2013.

A representative of Albemarle Corporation recently attended the INC3 in Nairobi, Kenya, regarding atmospheric Hg emissions from coal-fired power plants.

The event was chaired by committee-elected Mr. Fernando Lugris from Uruguay and attracted over 500 participants representing governments, UN agencies, intergovernmental as well as non-governmental organizations and industry. It was the third of five meeting to be held before 2013 in order to prepare a global legally binding instrument on mercury.

INC Chair Mr. Fernando Lugris (Uruguay)

Conference highlights
While there are still deep opposing views between developed and developing countries on whether control measures should be mandatory or voluntary, they agreed to apply the Best Available Technique (BAT) approach as suggested by the EU.

INC3 plenary in Nairobi

During the week, delegates conducted negotiations and review on a collaborative new draft addressing key issues. The latest text will be the basis for discussion at INC4. Despite the emergence of clear divisions on critical issues and concerns among delegates, INC3 closed on a positive note. In their closing statements, many delegates cited the meeting’s accomplishments and underscored their commitment to constructive participation in the next stage of negotiations.

Division on the path forward
The matter of atmospheric emissions is a complex issue and has no shortage of dividing views including:

should the control measures protocol be voluntary or mandatory, and what is the best financial mechanism to support parties’ implementation of their obligations.

Views from developing countries
Invoking the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, several developing countries (notably China, India and Brazil) argued that mandatory control measures failed to account for socio-economic realities, and were thus both inappropriate and unrealistic.

In contrast, developed countries such as the U.S., the EU, Japan, Norway, Switzerland or Canada argued that this instrument is intended to be legally-binding, and that voluntary measures will undermine the success of the convention in critical areas, such as reducing atmospheric emissions of mercury.

The main sources of anthropogenic atmospheric emissions are coal-fired power plants, which many developing countries consider to be the biggest drivers of industrial development. However, delegates could agree to follow the Best Available Technique (BAT) approach that was proposed by the EU.

Will INC4 produce a compromise on this critical aspect to reduce athropogenic Hg emissions to the atmosphere from coal-fired power plants?

Stay tuned.

For more information on INC see the UNEP homepage on mercury.
Meetings scheduled:

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Part Two of Mahmood Sabahi’s Interview

November 13th, 2010

Meet the EarthWise Team is a series of inspirational and often untold stories about the people behind important solutions, technologies and products that make our lives better and safer every day.

The series presents some of the key scientists and business professionals who have contributed to the development, progress and implementation of the green chemistry products, processes and principles of Albemarle and the Earthwise Initiative.

According to Mahmood Sabahi, green metrics represent the next phase of green chemistry.

Please explain green metrics.
Through the American Chemical Society’s Manufacturers Roundtable, and its Green Institute, as well as the American National Standards Institute, I have been participating in and following the discussions of green metrics with great interest.

These groups are developing ways that companies, and, by extension, their customers and ultimately consumers, can measure their “green-ness.” Developing the standards for green metrics is a complex issue that started in the pharmaceutical industry and now is generating more interest in the chemical industry. One goal is to earn a green label for consumer products; the cleaning products industry is already involved in this process.

At Albemarle, we’ve generated interest in green metrics through the TEAL program (Technology Emphasis on Albemarle’s Green Chemistry). As a leader of the TEAL program, I work with my colleagues to promote the principles of green chemistry and engineering, raising awareness of R&D and manufacturing, implementing green metrics for evaluation of manufacturing processes and developing new and safer products and processes, identifying opportunities for greener process and products, identifying and recognizing green process/ product accomplishments, and conducting life cycle inventory analysis (LCI) wherever applicable. Internally, we evaluate our manufacturing practices with the goal of improving atom efficiencies, reducing waste, reducing our carbon footprint, and utilizing renewable resources wherever possible. Plus, each year, the TEAL team evaluates Albemarle employees’ accomplishments in green chemistry/engineering and the best practices are recognized formally by the management as a way to highlight the development of newer and more eco-friendly products. We also arrange seminars and educational programs and help implement the principles of green chemistry and green engineering throughout the research area. At the individual level and among the various teams groups, we have a tremendously positive response as more people see these initiatives as “doing the right thing.” Across the chemical industry, I anticipate similar initiatives will be rolled out.

I am a firm believer that the industry and the EPA must work hand in hand to create changes in environmental awareness among manufacturers. If regulation is imposed from above without extensive discussion among industry participants, it will not happen with the same degree of success as when market participants are involved in the process from the bottom-up. As green metrics become more embedded into the thought, strategy, research and production of the chemical industry and across many sectors, we all stand to benefit.

How would you characterize the other scientists with whom you work?
One of the most rewarding aspects of my professional work at Albemarle is communicating and working in a team environment with a large group of very talented and smart people. I especially value their rather diverse technical and cultural backgrounds. Although the original light bulb or idea usually shows up in one person’s head, bringing that idea to life and pushing it through to commercialization is only possible through collaboration and teamwork. It really takes a village to commercialize a product, as we have seen with GreenArmor! I have been fortunate to be involved with many very successful teams over my career.

Mahmood Sabahi, thank you for sharing these developments regarding green metrics.

Want to meet more of the Earthwise Team? Meet Joe Layman, Danielle Goossens and Richard Denison.

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Manufacturers and Fire Safety Solution Suppliers Work Together to Increase Environmental Initiatives for Planet, Employers and Consumers

October 26th, 2010

Eco-friendly flame retardants and tech from earthwise - VECAP

Danielle Goossens, Global Product Stewardship Director
Meet the EarthWise Team is a series of inspirational and often untold stories about the people behind important solutions, technologies and products that make our lives better and safer every day.

The series presents some of the key scientists and business professionals who have contributed to the development, progress and implementation of the green chemistry products, processes and principles of Albemarle and the Earthwise brand.

Albemarle Corporation, headquartered in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, is a leading global developer, manufacturer, and marketer of highly-engineered specialty chemicals for consumer electronics, petroleum refining, utilities, packaging, construction, automotive/transportation, pharmaceuticals, crop protection, food-safety and custom chemistry services.

Earthwise™ is a new division of Albemarle Corporation. The brand represents a family of products that follows strict environmental-friendly standards, along with practicing green chemistry principles and include new green fire safety alternatives to existing fire safety solutions.

Albemarle is the global leader in flame retardants. Flame retardants or fire safety solutions that are critical ingredients in many consumer electronic products, as well as the interiors of automobiles and airplanes, save lives and protect property from fires.

A group of manufacturers of flame retardants launched an initiative to raise awareness of best practices in chemical handling processes among the companies that utilize these flame retardants. Let’s learn more about the Voluntary Emissions Control Action Programme (VECAP) from Danielle Goossens, Global Product Stewardship Director at Albemarle, who is based in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.

Danielle, tell us about your role at Albemarle and the VECAP program
I am Danielle Goossens and I direct health, safety and environmental issues for Albemarle in Europe, the Middle East and Africa, except for manufacturing plants. I make sure the company is in compliance with the regulations in all the countries we serve. I also manage product stewardship worldwide. Which means I advise customers, who are themselves manufacturers, on the best ways to handle the products they purchase from us and how to avoid any environmental releases.

I received my undergraduate and doctorate degrees from the Catholic University of Louvain (Belguim) in 1979. I have worked mainly in research at the University and at Belgian pharmaceutical companies. In 1992, I joined Ethyl (which later spun off its chemical businesses as Albemarle) as an analytical chemist. I then moved to the Customer Technical Service area and assumed my current role in 2008.

What exactly is VECAP? How does it affect consumers and businesses?
As a voluntary program that promotes best practices for the handling of flame retardant chemicals, VECAP has a rather pragmatic goal: to make sure the customers are using the product safely at every stage. Albemarle and other flame retardant producers together acted on their concerns to limit the possible ways that these chemical products might enter the environment during manufacturing processes. In 2004, the companies launched this pioneering program. It’s highly unusual that the industry developed VECAP on its own, because often government regulators impose these kinds of standards on industry.

The three companies who formed VECAP are Albemarle Corporation, Chemtura Corporation and ICL-IP. Together, they sell to more than 500 customers worldwide. In 2009, the members of VECAP surveyed more than 135 sites in Europe, and perhaps another 100 each in North America and the Asia/Pacific regions. The number continues to grow in 2010, of course. At each company, there are between three and eight professionals (engineers, scientists, technical and advocacy staff) involved in the efforts, as well as third-party independent consultants.

By adhering to the best practices advocated by VECAP in sensitive areas, the makers of the plastic products and components that use flame retardants will reduce the potential contamination of food, air, water and earth. Plus, they limit their own employees’ and, downstream, consumers’ exposure to chemicals.

Additionally, there is a certification component; Bureau Veritas is an independent auditor that will certify a company is VECAP compliant and a seal can be placed on their website and packaging. Albemarle’s Magnolia plant, which is the principal facility in the US that produces brominated flame retardants, has been certified.

Finally, it is important to note the methodology for the initiative is a model that has already been adopted for other products by several chemical companies and can be modified for use by manufacturers in other industries.

How do you work with customers to let them know about VECAP?
We conduct a survey in a face-to-face meeting with the customer who purchases our flame retardant solutions. We ask about certain practices and calculate the potential chemical emissions. We then share with them the best practices and perform a separate calculation for the emissions that would be produced by following these new procedures. In some cases, the difference is astonishing and customers are surprised to learn by how much they might lower their emissions and be eco-friendly to the earth and workplace, while making these simple changes.

For example, the area that can have the greatest impact on emission reductions is the handling and disposal of packaging. Albemarle delivers the flame retardant powder to the customer either in small paper bags or in polypropylene supersacs. The paper bag-type of package holds 25 kilograms. We determined that, in the process of emptying the package, there was a waste factor of 150 grams in each one.

In contrast, we suggest a 1,000 kilogram polypropylene bag, something that is 40 times larger, yet it has a remarkably lower waste factor: compare 500 grams remaining in the large bag to 6,000 grams for the many smaller ones. Customers immediately recognize the impact of the amount of product that is purchased and not wasted:

When it comes to disposing of the packaging, whether paper or polypropylene, we encourage our customers to incinerate the bags or to bury them in a chemically controlled landfill.

In many countries, it does not cost any more to implement this best practice and the payoffs in reduced waste and safer operations are obvious, as is the positive impact on the environment.

Please tell us about VECAP’s other areas of best practices in the next blog post.
That will be my pleasure.

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